Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old
Time Radio Drama MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB Stick
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1851: First Publications: --
Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by
Richard Bentley of London. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale is an 1851
novel by American writer Herman Melville. The book is the sailor
Ishmael's narrative of the obsessive quest of Ahab, captain of the
whaling ship Pequod, for revenge on Moby Dick, the giant white
sperm whale that on the ship's previous voyage bit off Ahab's leg
at the knee. A contribution to the literature of the American
Renaissance, Moby-Dick was published to mixed reviews, was a
commercial failure, and was out of print at the time of the
author's death in 1891. Its reputation as a "Great American
Novel" was established only in the 20th century, after the
centennial of its author's birth. William Faulkner said he wished
he had written the book himself, and D. H. Lawrence called it "one
of the strangest and most wonderful books in the world" and
"the greatest book of the sea ever written". Its opening
sentence, "Call me Ishmael", is among world literature's
most famous. Melville began writing Moby-Dick in February 1850,
and finished 18 months later, a year longer than he had
anticipated. Melville drew on his experience as a common sailor
from 1841 to 1844, including several years on whalers, and on wide
reading in whaling literature. The white whale is modeled on the
notoriously hard-to-catch albino whale Mocha Dick, and the book's
ending is based on the sinking of the whaleship Essex in 1820. His
literary influences include Shakespeare and the Bible. The
detailed and realistic descriptions of whale hunting and of
extracting whale oil, as well as life aboard ship among a
culturally diverse crew, are mixed with exploration of class and
social status, good and evil, and the existence of God. In
addition to narrative prose, Melville uses styles and literary
devices ranging from songs, poetry, and catalogs to Shakespearean
stage directions, soliloquies, and asides. In August 1850, with
the manuscript perhaps half finished, he met Nathaniel Hawthorne
and was deeply moved by his Mosses from an Old Manse, which he
compared to Shakespeare in its cosmic ambitions. This encounter
may have inspired him to revise and expand Moby-Dick, which is
dedicated to Hawthorne, "in token of my admiration for his
genius". The book was first published (in three volumes) as
The Whale in London in October 1851, and under its definitive
title in a single-volume edition in New York in November. The
London publisher, Richard Bentley, censored or changed sensitive
passages; Melville made revisions as well, including a last-minute
change to the title for the New York edition. The whale, however,
appears in the text of both editions as "Moby Dick",
without the hyphen. Reviewers in Britain were largely favorable,
though some objected that the tale seemed to be told by a narrator
who perished with the ship, as the British edition lacked the
Epilogue recounting Ishmael's survival. American reviewers were
more hostile. About 3,200 copies of the book were sold during the
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Genius
That Was China Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1860: The Century Of
Humiliation (The Hundred Years Of National Humiliation)
(1838-1945): The Opium Wars: The Second Opium War (The Second
Anglo-Sino War, The Second China War, The Arrow War, The
Anglo-French Expedition To China): The Treaty Of Tientsin (The
Treaty Of Tianjin, The Unequal Treaties) -- The last of the Opium
Wars, The Second Opium War, a colonial war lasting from 1856 to
1860 which pitted the British and French Empires against the Qing
Dynasty Of China, finally ends at the Convention Of Peking with
the Chinese ratification of the Treaty Of Tientsin, an unequal
treaty. The Treaty of Tientsin, also known as the Treaty of
Tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at
Tianjin (then romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858. The Qing
dynasty, Russian Empire, Second French Empire, United Kingdom, and
the United States were the parties involved. These treaties,
counted by the Chinese among the so-called unequal treaties,
opened more Chinese ports to foreign trade, permitted foreign
legations in the Chinese capital Beijing, allowed Christian
missionary activity, and effectively legalized the import of
opium. They ended the first phase of the Second Opium War, which
had begun in 1856 and were ratified by the Emperor of China in the
Convention of Peking in 1860, after the end of the war. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Spanish-American War & Cuban War Of Independence DVD,
Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1898: Imperialism: American
Imperialism: The History Of American Imperialism: American
Imperialism In The Caribbean: Puerto Rico: The History Of Puerto
Rico: The Spanish-American War: -- Puerto Rico becomes a colony of
the United States when the latter takes possession of the island
from Spain. On July 25, 1898, the U.S. invaded Puerto Rico with a
landing at Guanica. After the U.S. prevailed in the war, Spain
ceded Puerto Rico, along with the Philippines and Guam, to the
U.S. under the Treaty Of Paris, which went into effect on April 11
1899; Spain relinquished sovereignty over Cuba, but did not cede
it to the U.S. Thus the United States and Puerto Rico began a
long-standing metropolis-colony relationship. At first, Puerto
Rico was ruled by the U.S. military, with officials including the
governor appointed by the president of the United States. The
Foraker Act of 1900 gave Puerto Rico a certain amount of civilian
popular government, including a popularly elected House of
Representatives. The upper house and governor were appointed by
the United States. Its judicial system was reformed to bring it
into conformity with the American federal courts system; a Puerto
Rico Supreme Court and a United States District Court for the
unincorporated territory were established. It was authorized a
nonvoting member of Congress, by the title of "Resident
Commissioner", who was appointed. In addition, this Act
extended all U.S. laws "not locally inapplicable" to
Puerto Rico, specifying, in particular, exemption from U.S.
Internal Revenue laws. The Act empowered the civil government to
legislate on "all matters of legislative character not
locally inapplicable", including the power to modify and
repeal any laws then in existence in Puerto Rico, though the U.S.
Congress retained the power to annul acts of the Puerto Rico
legislature. During an address to the Puerto Rican legislature in
1906, President Theodore Roosevelt recommended that Puerto Ricans
become U.S. citizens. In 1914, the Puerto Rican House of Delegates
voted unanimously in favor of independence from the United States,
but this was rejected by the U.S. Congress as "unconstitutional",
and in violation of the 1900 Foraker Act. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: BBC
Engineering Society Early Days Of Broadcasting CD MP3 Download USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1922: Broadcasting: The
History Of Broadcasting: Radio: The History Of Radio Broadcasting:
-- The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded
by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio
transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service. The
British Broadcasting Company, Ltd. (BBC) was a British commercial
company formed by British and American electrical companies doing
business in the United Kingdom. Licensed by the British General
Post Office, their original office was located on the second floor
of Magnet House, the GEC buildings in London and consisted of a
room and a small antechamber. On December 14, 1922, John Reith was
hired to become the Managing Director of the company at that
address. The company later moved its offices to the premises of
the Marconi Company. The BBC as a commercial broadcasting company
did not sell air time but it did carry a number of sponsored
programmes paid for by British newspapers. On December 31, 1926,
the company was dissolved, and its assets were transferred to the
non-commercial and crown-chartered British Broadcasting
Corporation (BBC). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: American
Hot Wax (1978) DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1926: #BOTD: #HBD! Chuck
Berry, African American singer-songwriter, guitarist, musician and
one of the pioneers of rock and roll music (d. March 18, 2017) is
#born Charles Edward Anderson Berry into a middle-class African
American family in St. Louis, Missouri. With songs such as
"Maybellene" (1955), "Roll Over Beethoven"
(1956), "Rock and Roll Music" (1957) and "Johnny B.
Goode" (1958), Chuck Berry refined and developed rhythm and
blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive.
Writing lyrics that focused on teen life and consumerism, and
developing a music style that included guitar solos and
showmanship, Berry was a major influence on subsequent rock music.
Chuck Berry had an interest in music from an early age and gave
his first public performance at Sumner High School. While still a
high school student he was convicted of armed robbery and was sent
to a reformatory, where he was held from 1944 to 1947. After his
release, Berry settled into married life and worked at an
automobile assembly plant. By early 1953, influenced by the guitar
riffs and showmanship techniques of the blues musician T-Bone
Walker, Berry began performing with the Johnnie Johnson Trio. His
break came when he traveled to Chicago in May 1955 and met Muddy
Waters, who suggested he contact Leonard Chess, of Chess Records.
With Chess, he recorded "Maybellene", Berry's adaptation
of the country song "Ida Red", which sold over a million
copies, reaching number one on Billboard magazine's rhythm and
blues chart. By the end of the 1950s, Berry was an established
star, with several hit records and film appearances and a
lucrative touring career. He had also established his own St.
Louis nightclub, Berry's Club Bandstand. But in January 1962, he
was sentenced to three years in prison for offenses under the Mann
Act: he had transported a 14-year-old girl across state lines.
After his release in 1963, Berry had several more hits, including
"No Particular Place to Go", "You Never Can Tell",
and "Nadine". His insistence on being paid in cash led
in 1979 to a four-month jail sentence and community service, for
tax evasion. Berry was among the first musicians to be inducted
into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame on its opening in 1986; he was
cited for having "laid the groundwork for not only a rock and
roll sound but a rock and roll stance." Berry is included in
several of Rolling Stone magazine's "greatest of all time"
lists; he was ranked fifth on its 2004 and 2011 list of the 100
Greatest Artists of All Time. The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame's 500
Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll includes three of Berry's: "Johnny
B. Goode", "Maybellene", and "Rock and Roll
Music". Berry's "Johnny B. Goode" is the only
rock-and-roll song included on the Voyager Golden Record. Chuck
Berry died at his home near Wentzville, Missouri after suffering a
bout of pneumonia, aged 90. Berry's funeral was held on April 9,
2017, at The Pageant, in Berry's home town of St. Louis. He was
remembered with a public viewing by family, friends, and fans in
The Pageant, a music club where he often performed. He was viewed
with his cherry-red Gibson ES-335 guitar bolted to the inside lid
of the coffin and with flower arrangements that included one sent
by the Rolling Stones in the shape of a guitar. Afterwards a
private service was held in the club celebrating Berry's life and
musical career, with the Berry family inviting 300 members of the
public into the service. Gene Simmons of Kiss gave an impromptu,
unadvertised eulogy at the service, while Little Richard was
scheduled to lead the funeral procession but was unable to attend
due to an illness. The night before, many St. Louis area bars held
a mass toast at 10 pm in Berry's honor. Berry is interred in a
mausoleum in Bellerive Gardens Cemetery in St. Louis. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Who Was
Lee Harvey Oswald? 3 Part Documentary Series MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1939: #BOTD: Lee Harvey
Oswald, American assassin of John F. Kennedy (d. November 24,
1963) is #born at the old French Hospital in New Orleans,
Louisiana. He was an American former U.S. Marine who has been
blamed for having assassinated United States President John F.
Kennedy on November 22, 1963. According to four federal government
investigations, one municipal investigation, and a mock
docu-trial, Oswald shot and killed Kennedy as the President
traveled by motorcade through Dealey Plaza in the city of Dallas,
Texas. Oswald was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps and
defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959. He lived in the
Belarusian city of Minsk until June 1962, at which time he
returned to the United States with Marina, his Russian-born wife,
eventually settling in Dallas. Following the fatal shooting of
Kennedy, Oswald was initially arrested for the murder of police
officer J. D. Tippit, who was killed on a Dallas street about 45
minutes after Kennedy was shot. Oswald was later charged with the
murder of Kennedy. He denied shooting anybody, saying that he was
a "patsy". In the first live, televised murder, Lee
Harvey Oswald, alleged lone assassin of President John F. Kennedy,
was himself murdered two days after by Jack Ruby, a mafia
connected nightclub operator, in the basement of Dallas police
department headquarters, while oswald was being led by two
detectives to an armoured car to take him to the nearby county
jail. Ruby drove into town that day with his pet dachshund Sheba
(whom he would often jokingly refer to as his "wife") to
send an emergency money order at the Western Union on Main Street
to one of his employees. The time stamp of completion for the cash
transaction on the money order was 11:17 a.m. Ruby then walked one
half block to the nearby Dallas police headquarters, where he made
his way into the basement via either the Main Street ramp or a
stairway accessible from an alleyway next to the Dallas Municipal
Building. At 11:21 a.m. CST-while authorities were escorting
Oswald through the police basement to an armored car that was to
take him to the nearby county jail-Ruby emerged from a crowd of
reporters with his .38 Colt Cobra revolver aimed at Oswald's
abdomen and shot him at point blank range, mortally wounding him.
The bullet entered Oswald's left side in the front part of the
abdomen and caused damage to his spleen, stomach, aorta, vena
cava, kidney, liver, diaphragm, and eleventh rib before coming to
rest on his right side. Oswald made a cry of anguish and his
manacled hands clutched at his abdomen as he writhed with pain,
and he slumped to the concrete paving, where he moaned several
times. Police detective Billy Combest who recognized Ruby
exclaimed: "Jack, you son of a bitch!" Ruby was
immediately subdued by police as a moaning Oswald was carried back
into the basement level jail office. Combest asked Oswald, "Do
you have anything you want to tell us now?" Oswald shook his
head. He lost consciousness shortly thereafter. Taken by ambulance
to Parkland Memorial Hospital -- the same hospital where President
Kennedy had died two days earlier -- Oswald died at 1:07 p.m. The
crowd outside the headquarters burst into applause when they heard
that Oswald had been shot. A network television pool camera was
broadcasting live to cover the transfer; millions of people
watching on NBC witnessed the shooting as it happened and on other
networks within minutes afterward. Several photographs were taken
of the event just before, as, and after Ruby pulled the trigger.
In 1964, Robert H. Jackson of the Dallas Times Herald was awarded
the Pulitzer Prize for Photography for his image of the shooting
of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby. Lee Harvey Oswald is buried at
Shannon Rose Hill Memorial Park in Fort Worth, Texas. In September
1964, the Warren Commission released it findings and concluded
that Oswald acted alone in assassinating Kennedy by firing three
shots from the Texas School Book Depository. This conclusion was
supported by previous investigations carried out by the FBI, the
Secret Service, and the Dallas Police Department. Nevertheless,
there is much evidence to indicate that others were involved in
the plot to kill the president, some of whom of which Oswald was
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: From
Nuremberg To Nuremberg 2 Part WWII TV Series DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1945: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Aftermath Of The European Civil War: World War II: The
Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The
Holocaust (Shoah): The Nuremberg Trials: -- The Allies begin
trials against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany for
war crimes and crimes against humanity, specifically for plotting
and carrying out invasions of other countries and atrocities
against their citizens in World War II. Between 1933 and 1945,
Nazi Germany invaded many countries across Europe, inflicting 27
million deaths in the Soviet Union alone. Proposals for how to
punish the defeated Nazi leaders ranged from a show trial (the
Soviet Union) to summary executions (the United Kingdom). In
mid-1945, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the
United States agreed to convene a joint tribunal in Nuremberg,
occupied Germany, with the Nuremberg Charter as its legal
instrument. Between November 20, 1945 and delivery of the judgment
on October 1, 1946, the International Military Tribunal (IMT)
tried 21 of the most important surviving leaders of Nazi Germany
in the political, military, and economic spheres, as well as six
German organizations. Twelve Nazis were sentenced to death by
hanging, three to life imprisonment, four to lesser prison terms,
and three were acquitted. The purpose of the trial was not just to
convict the defendants but also to assemble irrefutable evidence
of Nazi crimes, offer a history lesson to the defeated Germans,
and delegitimize the traditional German elite. The IMT verdict
followed the prosecution in declaring the crime of plotting and
waging aggressive war "the supreme international crime"
because "it contains within itself the accumulated evil of
the whole".] Most of the defendants were also charged with
war crimes and crimes against humanity, and the systematic murder
of millions of Jews in the Holocaust was significant to the trial.
Twelve further trials were conducted by the United States against
lower-level perpetrators, which focused more on the Holocaust.
Controversial at the time for their retroactive criminalization of
aggression, the trials' innovation of holding individuals
responsible for violations of international law is considered "the
true beginning of international criminal law". On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Red
Bomb Soviet Nuclear Bombs History + 2 Bonuses MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1945: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: Nuclear Espionage: Soviet Nuclear Espionage:
Atomic Spies: Klaus Fuchs: -- The USSR's nuclear program receives
plans for the United States plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the
Los Alamos National Laboratory. Emil Julius Klaus Fuchs (December
29, 1911 - January 28, 1988) was a German theoretical physicist
and atomic spy who, in 1950, was convicted of supplying
information from the American, British, and Canadian Manhattan
Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly after the Second
World War. While at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Fuchs was
responsible for many significant theoretical calculations relating
to the first nuclear weapons, and later, early models of the
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Remember
When: On The Air Radio History w/Dick Cavett DVD Download USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1954: Radio: The History Of
Radio: --The Regency Division of I.D.E.A. announces the first
commercially manufactured transistor radio, The Regency TR-1, a
small portable radio receiver marketed as the "world's first
pocket radio" that used transistor-based circuitry supplied
by Texas Instruments, and put it on sale in November 1954. In May
1954, Texas Instruments, previously a producer of instrumentation
for the oil industry and locating devices for the US Navy, was
looking for an established radio manufacturer to develop and
market a radio using their transistors. No major radio maker,
including RCA, Philco, and Emerson, was interested. Ed Tudor, the
president of Industrial Development Engineering Associates
(I.D.E.A.), a builder of home antenna boosters, jumped at the
opportunity to manufacture the TR-1, predicting sales of the
transistor radios would be "20 million radios in three
years." Despite mediocre performance, about 150 000 of these
hand-held devices were sold, due to the novelty of its small size
and portability. Previously, transistors had only been used in
military or industrial applications, and the TR-1 demonstrated
their utility for consumer electronics, offering a prescient
glimpse of a future full of small, convenient hand-held devices
that would develop into calculators, mobile phones, iPads and the
like. Surviving specimens are sought out by collectors. Following
the invention and development of the transistor at Bell Labs
between 1947 and 1948, the first commercial transistor radio was
released in 1954. There are many claimants to the title of the
first company to produce practical transistor radios, often
incorrectly attributed to Sony (originally Tokyo
Telecommunications Engineering Corporation). Texas Instruments had
demonstrated all-transistor AM (amplitude modulation) radios as
early as May 25, 1954, but their performance was well below that
of equivalent vacuum tube models. A workable all-transistor radio
was demonstrated in August 1953 at the Duesseldorf Radio Fair by
the German firm Intermetall. It was built with four of
Intermetall's hand-made transistors, based upon the 1948 invention
of the "Transistor"-germanium point-contact transistor
by Herbert Matare and Heinrich Welker. However, as with the early
Texas Instruments units (and others) only prototypes were ever
built; it was never put into commercial production. RCA had
demonstrated a prototype transistor radio as early as 1952, and it
is likely that they and the other radio makers were planning
transistor radios of their own, but Texas Instruments and Regency
Division of I.D.E.A., were the first to offer a production model
starting in October 1954. The mass-market success of the smaller
and cheaper Sony TR-63, released in 1957, led to the transistor
radio becoming the most popular electronic communication device of
the 1960s and 1970s. Transistor radios are still commonly used as
car radios. Billions of transistor radios are estimated to have
been sold worldwide between the 1950s and 2012. The pocket size of
transistor radios sparked a change in popular music listening
habits, allowing people to listen to music anywhere they went.
Beginning around 1980, however, cheap AM transistor radios were
superseded initially by the boombox and the Sony Walkman, and
later on by digitally-based devices with higher audio quality such
as portable CD players, personal audio players, MP3 players and
(eventually) by smartphones, many of which contain FM radios. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Missiles Of October (1974) Cuban Missile Crisis DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1962: Cuba: The History Of
Cuba: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War
(1962-1979): The Cuban Cold War: The Cuban Missile Crisis: --
President Kennedy meets with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs
Andrei Gromyko at the White House, who claims to Kennedy's face
that the weapons the Soviets had supplied the Cubans in-country
were for defensive purposes only, effectively misleading the
president about his personal knowledge of Soviet medium range R-12
Dvina theatre ballistic missiles (NATO reporting name: SS-4
Sandal) and their launch facilities having been installed in Cuba.
Not wanting to expose to Gromyko what he already knew about those
missiles, Kennedy did not reveal that he was already aware of this
missile buildup. By the following day, frequent U-2 spy flights
showed that there were a total of four operational Soviet missile
sites in Cuba. On October 15, after National Security Advisor
McGeorge Bundy met with Kennedy, showed him the U-2 photographs
and briefed him on the CIA's analysis of the images, Kennedy
convened a meeting at 6:30 pm EDT of the nine members of the
National Security Council, and five other key advisers, in a group
he retroactively formally named the Executive Committee of the
National Security Council (EXCOMM) on October 22 via the National
Security Action Memorandum 196. Unbenownst to the members of
EXCOMM, President Kennedy tape recorded all of their proceedings,
and Sheldon M. Stern, head of the Kennedy library, later
transcribed some of them. The US had no plan in place because its
intelligence had been convinced that the Soviets would never
install nuclear missiles in Cuba. EXCOMM quickly discussed six
possible courses of action: 1) Do nothing: American vulnerability
to Soviet missiles was not new; 2) Diplomacy: Use diplomatic
pressure to get the Soviet Union to remove the missiles; 3) Secret
approach: Offer Castro the choice of splitting with the Russians
or being invaded; 4) Invasion: Full force invasion of Cuba and
overthrow of Castro; 5) Air strike: Use the US Air Force to attack
all known missile sites; and 6) Blockade: Use the US Navy to block
any missiles from arriving in Cuba. The Joint Chiefs Of Staff
unanimously agreed that a full-scale attack and invasion was the
only solution. They believed that the Soviets would not attempt to
stop the US from conquering Cuba. Kennedy was sceptical: "They,
no more than we, can let these things go by without doing
something. They can't, after all their statements, permit us to
take out their missiles, kill a lot of Russians, and then do
nothing. If they don't take action in Cuba, they certainly will in
Berlin." Kennedy concluded that attacking Cuba by air would
signal the Soviets to presume "a clear line" to conquer
Berlin. Kennedy also believed that US allies would think of the
country as "trigger-happy cowboys" who lost Berlin
because they could not peacefully resolve the Cuban situation. The
EXCOMM then discussed the effect on the strategic balance of
power, both political and military. The Joint Chiefs Of Staff
believed that the missiles would seriously alter the military
balance, but McNamara disagreed. An extra 40, he reasoned, would
make little difference to the overall strategic balance. The US
already had approximately 5,000 strategic warheads, but the Soviet
Union had only 300. McNamara concluded that the Soviets having 340
would not therefore substantially alter the strategic balance. In
1990, he reiterated that "it made no difference.... The
military balance wasn't changed. I didn't believe it then, and I
don't believe it now." The EXCOMM agreed that the missiles
would affect the political balance. Kennedy had explicitly
promised the American people less than a month before the crisis
that "if Cuba should possess a capacity to carry out
offensive actions against the United States... the United States
would act." Also, credibility among US allies and people
would be damaged if the Soviet Union appeared to redress the
strategic balance by placing missiles in Cuba. Kennedy explained
after the crisis that "it would have politically changed the
balance of power. It would have appeared to, and appearances
contribute to reality." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: To The
Moon: The Story In Sound Set CD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1967: Outer Space Firsts: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: The
Discovery And Exploration Of The Solar System: Space Probes:
Interplanetary Space Probes: The Soviet Space Program: Spacecraft
Missions To Venus: The Venera Program: Venera 4: -- The Soviet
spacecraft Venera 4 (Russian: Venus 4) reaches Venus and becomes
the first spacecraft to survive entry into another planet's
atmosphere and the first successful probe to perform in-place
analysis of the atmosphere and environment of another planet. Also
designated 4V-1 No.310, Venera 4 provided the first chemical
analysis of the Venusian atmosphere, showing it to be primarily
carbon dioxide with a few percents of nitrogen and below one
percent of oxygen and water vapors. Venera 4 was comprised an
entry probe, designed to enter the Venus atmosphere and parachute
to the surface, and a carrier/flyby spacecraft, which carried the
entry probe to Venus and served as a communications relay for the
entry probe. The station detected a weak magnetic field and no
radiation field. The outer atmospheric layer contained very little
hydrogen and no atomic oxygen. The probe sent the first direct
measurements proving that Venus was extremely hot, that its
atmosphere was far denser than expected, and that it had lost most
of its water long ago. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Best
Of SCTV Network (1988) Best-Of Retrospective DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18, 1979: Satellite Broadcasting:
The History Of Satellite Broadcasting: Earthstation Receivers: --
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begins allowing people
to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government
license. An Earth station, ground station, or Earth terminal is a
terrestrial radio station designed for extraplanetary
telecommunication with spacecraft (constituting part of the ground
segment of the spacecraft system), or reception of radio waves
from astronomical radio sources. Ground stations may be located
either on the surface of the Earth, or in its atmosphere. Earth
stations communicate with spacecraft by transmitting and receiving
radio waves in the super high frequency (SHF) or extremely high
frequency (EHF) bands (e.g. microwaves). When a ground station
successfully transmits radio waves to a spacecraft (or vice
versa), it establishes a telecommunications link. A principal
telecommunications device of the ground station is the parabolic
antenna. Ground stations may have either a fixed or itinerant
position. Article 1 _ III of the International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) Radio Regulations describes various types of
stationary and mobile ground stations, and their
interrelationships. Specialized satellite Earth stations are used
to telecommunicate with satellites - chiefly communications
satellites. Other ground stations communicate with crewed space
stations or uncrewed space probes. A ground station that primarily
receives telemetry data, or that follows space missions, or
satellites not in geostationary orbit, is called a ground tracking
station, or space tracking station, or simply a tracking station.
When a spacecraft or satellite is within a ground station's line
of sight, the station is said to have a view of the spacecraft
(see pass). A spacecraft can communicate with more than one ground
station at a time. A pair of ground stations are said to have a
spacecraft in mutual view when the stations share simultaneous,
unobstructed, line-of-sight contact with the spacecraft. On Sale @
15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WWI: A
History In Pictures World War I JPG Photos CD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025
October 18: National Mashed Potato Day:
-- A holiday that spud lovers in the United States look forward to
every year! It's an opportunity for them to indulge in even more
of their favorite dishes. The origins of this holiday are not
entirely clear. Different sources also state it as happening on
different dates. Some people, however, believe the Idaho Potato
Commission was responsible for founding this day in celebration of
mashed potatoes. Whatever the case, the humble yet amazing potato
deserves a day to honor its existence. Cultures all over the globe
use potatoes as a staple food or a popular accompaniment for other
dishes. Human beings have been growing potatoes from as far back
as 8000 B.C. The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber
remains were found in central Peru at the coastal site of Ancon,
dating to 2500 B.C. Potatoes also appear in the Peruvian
archaeological records as a design influence of ceramic pottery.
The ancient populations often made potatoes in the shape of
vessels. Sir Walter Raleigh is credited with introducing potatoes
to Ireland in 1589. After this, it took almost four decades for
the tuber to spread to the rest of Europe. In the 1620s, the
Governor of the Bahamas sent a gift package containing potatoes to
the governor of the colony of Virginia. That's how potatoes made
their way to the colonies. The humble spuds faced a hard time
spreading throughout the northern colonies. It was only until
Thomas Jefferson had them served to guests at the White House in
1802 that potatoes became widely accepted. Thereafter, the potato
steadily gained in popularity, even more so due to a steady stream
of Irish immigrants to the United States. Throughout Europe, the
potato became the most important new food in the 19th century
because of three major advantages. It had a lower rate of
spoilage, it was bulky so it easily satisfied hunger, and it was
cheap. The crop slowly spread across Europe and turned into a
major staple by mid-century, especially in Ireland. The tuber
continues to gain favor among the American population. Since 2000,
more than one million acres of potatoes have been planted and
harvested each year, with Idaho being one of the top
potato-producing potato states.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lost
Howdy Doody Childrens TV Shows DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18: National Chocolate Cupcake
Day: -- A day where office break rooms everywhere fill with a
special kind of joy only brought by chocolate cupcakes (thanks
Jan). Chocolate cupcakes were born out of a 1796 cookbook called
American Cookery and have since grown into a worldwide craze and
dessert staple. So let's appreciate all there is about deliciously
chocolate cupcakes and the happiness they bring to everyone who
enjoys them. Chocolate cupcakes made their first written
appearance in what was also the first cookbook to be penned by an
American. That American was Amelia Simmons who, in 1796, simply
titled her book American Cookery, and featured novel,
individual-sized cakes. But these delicious delicacies weren't
called cupcakes until about 1828, when another cookbook first
coined the phrase. In fact, before muffin tins were more widely
available, people baked cupcakes in whatever small vessels they
could find - ceramic cups, ramekins, vases. What initially started
as a new, American idea has since spread into a worldwide,
confectionery darling. The cupcake craze may have ultimately
peaked in the mid-00s, with a famous Manhattan bakery making a
cameo in the Sex and the City movie, but chocolate cupcakes make
appearances in every baking show, contest, or competition and are
a staple at the vast majority of office birthday or holiday
parties. Whether you're dozing off to the Great British Bake-Off
or trying to impress your friends, chocolate cupcakes have so
joyously woven their way into our lives they deserve their own
holiday.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Romantic Spirit TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18: National Necktie Day: --
Today we honor the invention of neckties. The modern necktie -
that we love and wear - is the creation of Croatian mercenaries
who wore it as a neck protector. National Necktie Day is a popular
holiday in Croatia and is celebrated with great zeal across the
country. Students attend school wearing their best ties and the
men pass on the blue and black to embrace funky colors for the
day. The day has been celebrated since 2008 - when it was
recognized as an official holiday by the Croatian Parliament.
Croatia is known for its majestic waterfalls, scenic islands,
football stadiums, and of course, neckties. The 'cravat' - a short
knotted garment tied around the neck - has been prevalent in
Croatia since the 17th century. Considered to be the symbol of
professionalism and the final touch to formal wear, the necktie
owes its humble beginnings to cravats worn by Croatian soldiers on
the battlefield. Red cravats became part of the uniform of
Croatian soldiers during the 17th-century war. The fashion item
soon traveled to Western Europe and was embraced by the French. In
1646, seven-year-old Louis XIV of France wore the cravat to the
Royal Court. The trend caught the eye of the English, who made
their own cuts and transformed the squared cravats into the
necktie as we know it. Croatia claims the invention of the necktie
and has dedicated the day to its cause. The republic protects its
heritage in many ways. In 1997, Academic Cravatica - a nonprofit
organization - was founded to promote the original cravat and its
relevance in history as the object of adoration and utility. The
cravat joins the MP3 player, the parachute, the zeppelin, and
fingerprint identification as the biggest Croatian contributions
to the world. This fun and fitting tribute to the necktie is loved
and appreciated by all Croatians. Prominent towns are lit up in
celebration, as people come together to party in their best
neckties. The capital city of Zagreb becomes a tourist attraction,
as many events are planned by the locals, including a march
featuring the city's famous Cravat Regiment.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Jean
Shepherd Radio Shows All Known To Exist DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18: National No Beard Day: --
Celebrates the cleanshaven among us! The smoother the face, the
bigger the celebration :) . Whether you have had your beard for
years or it is relatively new for you, this is the day to shave it
off and go smooth. Perhaps your partner doesn't like your beard,
or you just haven't shaved it off for years. No Beard Day is the
day to see what you look like without it. Achieving a close,
kissable shave is a lost art that faded with a generation that had
the first color televisions installed. Consider investing in the
tools your grandfather or possibly your great-grandfather used -
either a safety razor or a straight razor will give you the
closest shave along with a natural bristled shaving brush and
shaving soap. More care and time may be required, but the results
are well worth the effort. It appears that National No Beard Day
is one of those internet-generated holidays which we have all come
to love (or in the case of bearded men, really really hate!) But
this day, which is an annual event every October 18, does open up
the discussion on the history of hair removal in general and
beards, specifically. In the 1800s, barbers used straight razors
to remove beards from patrons. Though that was a standard
practice, most men wore beards as the fashion of the day. But
according to the National Museum of American History, beard
removal came into vogue in the United States around the early
1900s. There were numerous reasons for cutting those beards. It
sounds gross today, but those large, lush beards that were
commonplace in paintings and photographs, were also "breeding
grounds" for parasites like lice. Beards also trapped bad
odors from perspiration, especially for those men who worked
together in close quarters without an opportunity to regularly
take a bath. So, when a man sported a clean look sans beard; women
took that as a sign that this person practiced good hygiene and
could be marriage material. Enter the Gillette Company in 1904
with its "safety razor" which encouraged men to take
their beards in their own shaky hands to remove excess facial
hair. (No need to find a barber, when you could do the job
yourself!) Eventually, men were looking for ways to keep the hair
off for longer periods of time. By 1930, Jacob Schick introduces
the electric razor as the "Schick Dry Shaver" and
another milestone in the hairy history of men's hygiene was
surpassed!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: A
Bicycle Built For Thee: Bicycling Films DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18: Ride To Work Day (Australia):
-- Australia's annual encouragement to ride by bicycle, as the
majority of Australians do not get enough physical activity to
keep their health in good shape. Cities are jammed with traffic
congestion. This hurts the environment and costs society billions
of dollars in lost productivity each year. This day was intended
to encourage people to get out of their cars and ride bicycles.
Cycling to work is one of the most convenient and time-saving
modes of transportation. By riding a bike instead of driving,
taking the train, or taking the bus, you can get your daily
workout without having to travel to the gym. Senator Janet Rice -
who worked for "Bicycle Victoria" (later known as the
"Bicycle Network") - organized a small event in
Melbourne in 1993 to encourage more people to ride bicycles. Only
615 people rode bikes in their first event. It now attracts tens
of thousands of first-time and returning riders each year. Every
capital city in Australia provides a free bicycle breakfast for
anyone who chooses to join. To keep riders energized throughout
the day, they normally give free cooked breakfast, coffee, and
bananas. Some places even had D.Js perform during their breakfasts
to maintain the easygoing feeling of going all morning. The annual
event began as a method to encourage more cyclists to ride more
frequently, and the benefits and reasons why cycling is so
important naturally flowed from there. The ultimate goal is for
Australia to be healthier. This day is intended to raise awareness
about the advantages of biking to work and biking in general. By
cycling, you can help save lives and reduce carbon emissions. It
gives you a decent workout while also lessening your depression
and saving you money on petrol and time spent stuck in traffic.
Bicycling can help you maintain a healthy weight and improve your
cardiovascular health. This day encourages people to ride their
bikes every day, whether to work or for fun. The benefits of
riding to work are limitless.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Alaska
At War: Japanese WWII Invasion Of Alaska DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1867: Alaska Day: -- The
United States takes formal possession of the Territory of Alaska
from Russia. The day is celebrated annually as a legal holiday in
the state of Alaska as Alaska Day. On Friday March 30, 1867, the
United States purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire for the sum
of 7.2M USD. It was not until October of that year that the
commissioners arrived in Sitka and the formal transfer was
arranged. The formal flag-raising took place at Fort Sitka on
October 18, 1867. The original ceremony included 250 United States
Army troops, who marched to the governor's house at "Castle
Hill". Here the Russian soldiers lowered the Russian flag and
the U.S. flag was raised. Due to the 11-hour time difference
between Sitka and St. Petersburg, and the fact that Russia still
used the Julian calendar, the date is sometimes given as Saturday,
October 7. Alaska's territorial legislature declared Alaska Day a
holiday in 1917. It is a paid holiday for state employees. The
official celebration is held in Sitka, where schools release
students early, many businesses close for the day, and events such
as a parade and reenactment of the flag raising are held. It
should not be confused with Seward's Day, the last Monday in
March, another state holiday which commemorates the signing of the
treaty for the Alaska Purchase in which the U.S. purchased Alaska
from Russia on March 30, 1867. Alaska Day is protested by some
Alaska Native people, who view the holiday as a celebration of the
violence used to take their land away. Native organizers assert
that the land was not Russia's to sell in the first place,
therefore the sale of the land to the U.S. is illegitimate.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Machine That Changed The World: The Computer DVD MP4 Download
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1871: #DOTD: #RIP: Charles
Babbage, English polymath, mathematician, philospher, inventor and
mechanical engineer, inventor of the mechanical computer,
originator of the concept of a digital programmable computer,
widely considered the father of the computer (b. December 26,
1791) #dies at 1 Dorset Street, Marylebone, where he lived and
worked for over 40 years, at the age of 79 of renal inadequacy,
secondary to cystitis. He is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in
The Royal Borough Of Kensington And Chelsea, Greater London,
England. Babbage is credited with inventing the Difference Engine,
the first mechanical computer, that eventually led to more complex
electronic designs, though all the essential ideas of modern
computers are to be found in Babbage's Analytical Engine,
programmed using a principle openly borrowed from the Jacquard
loom. Babbage had a broad range of interests in addition to his
work on computers covered in his book Economy of Manufactures and
Machinery. His varied work in other fields has made him preeminent
among the many polymaths of his century. Babbage, who died before
the complete successful engineering of many of his designs,
including his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine, remained a
prominent figure in the ideating of computing. Parts of Babbage's
incomplete mechanisms are on display in the Science Museum in
London. In 1991, a functioning difference engine was constructed
from Babbage's original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in
the 19th century, the success of the finished engine indicated
that Babbage's machine would have worked.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Thomas
A. Edison: The Wizard Of Menlo Park + 3 Bonus Titles MP4 DVD
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1931. #DOTD: #RIP: Thomas
Edison, American inventor, entrepreneur and businessman (b.
February 11, 1857) #dies of complications of diabetes in his home,
Glenmont, in Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey, aged 84.
Edison is buried behind the home. Edison's last breath is
reportedly contained in a test tube at The Henry Ford museum near
Detroit. Ford reportedly convinced Charles Edison to seal a test
tube of air in the inventor's room shortly after his death, as a
memento. A plaster death mask and casts of Edison's hands were
also made. Born in Milan, Ohio, Thomas Alva Edison has been
described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many
devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including
the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting,
practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo
Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the
principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the
process of invention, and because of that, he is often credited
with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his
name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and
Germany. More significant than the number of Edison's patents was
the widespread impact of his inventions: electric light and power
utilities, sound recording, and motion pictures all established
major new industries worldwide. Edison's inventions contributed to
mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. These
included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for
an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion
pictures. His advanced work in these fields was an outgrowth of
his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison developed a
system of electric-power generation and distribution to homes,
businesses, and factories - a crucial development in the modern
industrialized world. He is well known for his quote, "Genius
is one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration."
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Desert
Triumph: The Gulf War TV Documentary Series DVD & MP4 Download
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 2021: #DOTD: #RIP: Colin
Powell, African American politician, statesman, diplomat, and
United States Army officer, 15th United States National Security
Advisor from 1987 to 1989 and as the 12th Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs Of Staff from 1989 to 1993, who served as the 65th United
States Secretary Of State from 2001 to 2005 as the first African
American Secretary Of State (b. April 5, 1937) #dies of
complications of COVID-19 at Walter Reed National Military Medical
Center in Bethesda, Maryland while being treated for a form of
blood cancer that affected his immune system, aged 84. He had been
vaccinated, but his myeloma compromised his immune system; he also
had early-stage Parkinson's disease. President Joe Biden and four
of the five living former presidents issued statements calling
Powell as an American hero. Donald Trump, in his typical
ingracious style, released a statement saying "He made plenty
of mistakes, but may he rest in peace", and then,
disgracefully considering the circumstances, referred to him as a
"classic RINO" :/ . He is buried at Arlington National
Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Colin Powell was born Colin
Luther Powell in Harlem, New York Cityto Jamaican immigrants Maud
Ariel (nee McKoy) and Luther Theophilus Powell of mixed African
and Scottish ancestry. He was raised in the South Bronx and
educated in the New York City public schools, receiving a
bachelor's degree in geology from the City College of New York
(CCNY). He also participated in ROTC at CCNY and received a
commission as an Army second lieutenant upon graduation in June
1958. He was a professional soldier for 35 years, during which
time he held many command and staff positions and rose to the rank
of four-star general. He was Commander of the U.S. Army Forces
Command in 1989. Powell's last military assignment, from October
1989 to September 1993, was as Joint Chiefs Of Staff chairman, the
highest military position in the United States Department of
Defense. During this time, he oversaw 28 crises, including the
invasion of Panama in 1989 and Operation Desert Storm in the
Persian Gulf War against Iraq in 1990-1991. He formulated the
Powell Doctrine, which limits American military action unless it
satisfies criteria regarding American national security interests,
overwhelming force, and widespread public support. He served as
Secretary Of State under Republican president George W. Bush. As
Secretary Of State, Powell gave a speech before the United Nations
regarding the rationale for the Iraq War, but he later admitted
that the speech contained substantial inaccuracies. He was forced
to resign after Bush was reelected in 2004. In 1995, Powell wrote
his autobiography, My American Journey, and then in retirement
another book, It Worked for Me, Lessons in Life and Leadership
(2012). He pursued a career as a public speaker, addressing
audiences across the country and abroad. Before his appointment as
Secretary Of State, he chaired America's Promise. In the 2016
United States presidential election, Powell, who was not a
candidate, received three electoral votes from Washington for the
office of President of the United States. He won numerous U.S. and
foreign military awards and decorations. His civilian awards
included the Presidential Medal Of Freedom (twice), the
Congressional Gold Medal, the Presidential Citizens Medal, and the
Secretary's Distinguished Service Award.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old
Time Radio World War II MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 2011: #DOTD: #RIP: Norman
Corwin, American writer, screenwriter, producer, essayist and
teacher of journalism and writing, whose earliest and biggest
successes were in the writing and directing of radio drama during
the 1930s and 1940s (b. May 3, 1910) #dies aged 101 in Los
Angeles, California. His burial details are not publicly
disclosed. Norman Corwin was born Norman Lewis Corwin in Boston,
Massachusetts. Corwin was among the first producers to regularly
use entertainment to tackle serious social issues. In this he was
a peer of Orson Welles and William N. Robson, and an inspiration
to other later radio/TV writers such as Rod Serling, Gene
Roddenberry, Norman Lear, J. Michael Straczynski and Yuri
Rasovsky. He was the son of Samuel and Rose Corwin and was born in
Boston, Massachusetts. Corwin was a major figure during the Golden
Age of Radio. During the 1930s and 1940s he was a writer and
producer of many radio programs in many genres: history,
biography, fantasy, fiction, poetry and drama. He was the writer
and creator of series such as The Columbia Workshop, 13 By Corwin,
26 By Corwin and others. He was a lecturer at the University of
Southern California. Corwin won a One World Award, two Peabody
Medals, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a duPont-Columbia
Award; he was nominated for an Academy Award for Writing Adapted
Screenplay for Lust for Life (1956). On May 12, 1990, he received
an Honorary Doctorate from Lincoln College. In 1996, he received
the Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa from California
Lutheran University. Corwin was inducted into the National Radio
Hall of Fame in 1993. A documentary film on Corwin's life, A Note
of Triumph: The Golden Age of Norman Corwin, won an Academy Award
for Best Documentary (Short Feature) in 2006. Les Guthman's
feature documentary on Mr. Corwin's career, Corwin aired on PBS in
the 1990s. He was inducted into the Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters
Diamond Circle in 1994. #NormanCorwin #Producers #Screenwriters
#Essayists #Journalists #Writers #RadioPioneers #ColumbiaWorkshop
#Radio #OldTimeRadio #OTR #GoldenAgeOfRadio #RadioDrama #CBSRadio
#USC #MP3 #AudioDownload #DVD
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Second Russian Revolution TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1932: #BOTD: #HBD! Vytautas
Landsbergis, Lithuanian musicologist, author and politician,
People's Deputy of the Lithuanian SSR, Chairman of the Supreme
Council of Lithuania who led the Parliamentary session during
which the restoration of Lithuanian independence from the Soviet
Union was declared, first Speaker of Reconstituent Seimas of
Lithuania after its independence declaration from the Soviet
Union, former Member of the European Parliament, is born in
Kaunas, Lithuania. He has written 20 books on a variety of topics,
including a biography of Mikalojus Konstantinas Ciurlionis, as
well as works on politics and music. He is a founding signatory of
the Prague Declaration, a declaration initiated by the Czech
government and signed on June 3, 2008 by prominent European
politicians, former political prisoners and historians calling for
"Europe-wide condemnation of, and education about, the crimes
of communism", and he was a member of the international
advisory council of the Victims Of Communism Memorial Foundation.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Saboteurs Of Telemark Nazi German Atom Bomb Sabotage DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1942: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): Norwegian Heavy Water Sabotage: -- Operation Grouse
is executed when the British Special Operations Executive (SOE)
air drops a team of Norwegian saboteursat Fjarifet on the
Hardangervidda (a large wilderness avoided by the German forces)
led by Jens-Anton Poulsson which included Knut Haugland, Claus
Helberg and Arne Kjelstrup. These Norwegians, all people local to
the area with exceptional outdoors skills, underwent extra outdoor
training in Scotland as well as learning the skills necessary to
operate in occupied territory; including sabotage, radio
transmitting and "irregular warfare". The team spent the
15 days following their air drop trekking towards Mosvatn, where
they made contact with Skinnarland's brother, Torstein. Once they
had established contact with London the party began making
preparations for the arrival of the British commandos. A suitable
glider landing site was chosen 3 miles (4.8 km) south west of
Mosvatn dam and the team reconnoitred the area to help Combined
Operations decide the best way to attack the plant. The Norwegian
Heavy Water Sabotage (Bokmal: Tungtvannsaksjonen; Nynorsk:
Tungtvassaksjonen) was a series of Allied-led efforts to halt
German heavy water production via hydroelectric plants in Nazi
Germany-occupied Norway during World War II, involving both
Norwegian commandos and Allied bombing raids. During the war, the
Allies sought to inhibit the German development of nuclear weapons
with the removal of heavy water and the destruction of heavy-water
production plants. The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was aimed at
the 60 MW Vemork power station at the Rjukan waterfall in
Telemark.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
March Of Time Newsreel Set 1933-46 All 3 TV Series DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1887: #BOTD: Takashi Sakai,
Japanese lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army during
World War II, known for his role as Governor Of Hong Kong under
Japanese occupation (d. September 30, 1946) is #born Takashi Sakai
in Kamo District, Hiroshima, now part of Hiroshima city. He was
educated in military preparatory schools in Kobe and Osaka and
graduated from the 20th class of the Imperial Japanese Army
Academy in 1908, whereupon he was assigned to the IJA 28th
Infantry Regiment. He graduated from the 28th class of the Army
Staff College. In 1928, Sakai was stationed in Jinan, Shandong
Province, China with the IJA 12th Infantry Regiment during the
Jinan Incident and is believed by some Chinese historians to be
responsible for the murder of Kuomintang army emissaries during
negotiations on May 4, 1928. He was transferred to the Tientsin
Garrison from 1929 to 1932. In 1932, Sakai was promoted to colonel
and was assigned to the 5th Section military intelligence of the
2nd Bureau of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff from 1932
to 1934. As Chief of Staff of the Japanese China Garrison Army
from 1934 to 1935, Sakai orchestrated a series of armed conflicts,
which resulted in an armistice with the Chinese government which
resulted in the He-Umezu Agreement which effectively gave Japan
control of Hebei Province. He became commander of the IJA 23rd
Infantry Regiment in 1936. Sakai was promoted to major general in
1937 and was appointed commander of the IJA 28th Infantry Brigade.
He became a lieutenant general in 1939, and was assigned to the
Coordination Bureau, Asia Development Group, Mengjiang Board from
1939 to 1940. He was also assigned to the Mongolia Garrison Army
at this time. Recalled to Japan in 1940, Sakai was briefly
appointed commander of the Imperial Guards Depot Division. Sakai
was commander of the IJA 23rd Army stationed in Canton in November
1941. He was ordered to use the IJA 38th Division, which was
normally under the Southern Expeditionary Army Group to capture
Hong Kong, and was given a 10-day time limit. On December 8, 1941,
a few hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces
commanded by Sakai, and his Chief of Staff Tadamichi Kuribayashi,
invaded Hong Kong. However, the subsequent Battle of Hong Kong did
not proceed as quickly or as smoothly as Sakai had planned, and he
was forced to request an extension to his deadline. Sir Mark
Young, the Governor of Hong Kong, surrendered all British forces
in Hong Kong on Christmas Day, after 18 days of fighting. Sakai's
frustrations over the unexpectedly strong British resistance may
have been reflected by the extreme brutality which characterized
the campaign and subsequent occupation. Sakai served as Japanese
Governor of Hong Kong until February 20, 1942. He was recalled to
Japan, and retired from active service in 1943. He was recalled to
active service in February 1945, and was ordered to go to Beijing;
however, the war came to an end before he departed Japan. After
the end of the war, Sakai was apprehended by the American
occupation authorities at the request of the Chinese government
and was extradited to China, where he was accused of war crimes.
He was convicted at the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal on August 27,
1946 of command responsibility for the extrajudicial murder of
Chinese civilians and died by firing squad execution, having been
convicted at China's Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal on August 27,
1946 of command responsibility for the extrajudicial murder of
Chinese civilians. The burial of those convicts sentenced to death
by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal are not publicly disclosed.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-march-of-time-dvd-set-all-3-tv-series-19334631933467.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War
Jets: The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1986: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Final Flights: -- A
Phantom F-4S from the VF-202 "Superheats", a Naval
Reserve fighter squadron, made the last-ever Phantom carrier
landing while operating aboard the Kitty Hawk-class supercarrier
USS America (CV-66). The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is an
American tandem two-seat, twin-engine, all-weather, long-range
supersonic jet interceptor and fighter-bomber originally developed
by McDonnell Aircraft for the United States Navy. Proving highly
adaptable, it first entered service with the Navy in 1961 before
it was adopted by the United States Marine Corps and the United
States Air Force, and by the mid-1960s it had become a major part
of their air arms. Phantom production ran from 1958 to 1981 with a
total of 5,195 aircraft built, making it the most produced
American supersonic military aircraft in history, and cementing
its position as an iconic combat aircraft of the Cold War. The
Phantom is a large fighter with a top speed of over Mach 2.2. It
can carry more than 18,000 pounds (8,400 kg) of weapons on nine
external hardpoints, including air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground
missiles, and various bombs. The F-4, like other interceptors of
its time, was initially designed without an internal cannon. Later
models incorporated an M61 Vulcan rotary cannon. Beginning in
1959, it set 15 world records for in-flight performance, including
an absolute speed record and an absolute altitude record. The F-4
was used extensively during the Vietnam War. It served as the
principal air superiority fighter for the U.S. Air Force, Navy,
and Marine Corps and became important in the ground-attack and
aerial reconnaissance roles late in the war. During the Vietnam
War, one U.S. Air Force pilot, two weapon systems officers (WSOs),
one U.S. Navy pilot and one radar intercept officer (RIO) became
aces by achieving five aerial kills against enemy fighter
aircraft. The F-4 continued to form a major part of U.S. military
air power throughout the 1970s and 1980s, being gradually replaced
by more modern aircraft such as the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting
Falcon in the U.S. Air Force, the F-14 Tomcat in the U.S. Navy,
and the F/A-18 Hornet in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. The
F-4 Phantom II remained in use by the U.S. in the reconnaissance
and Wild Weasel (Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses) roles in the
1991 Gulf War, finally leaving service in 1996. It was also the
only aircraft used by both U.S. flight demonstration teams: the
United States Air Force Thunderbirds (F-4E) and the United States
Navy Blue Angels (F-4J). The F-4 was also operated by the armed
forces of 11 other nations. Israeli Phantoms saw extensive combat
in several Arab-Israeli conflicts, while Iran used its large fleet
of Phantoms, acquired before the fall of the Shah, in the
Iran-Iraq War. As of 2021, 63 years after its first flight, the
F-4 remains in active service with the air forces of Iran, South
Korea, Greece and Turkey. The aircraft has most recently been in
service against the Islamic State group in the Middle East.
https://store.earthstation1.com/war-jets-the-mcdonnell-douglas-f4-phantom-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: UFOs:
The Best Evidence Ever Caught On Tape MP4 Video Download Or DVD
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1993: Unidentified Flying
Objects (UFOs, Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon, UAPs): UFO
Incidents (Unidentified Flying Object Incidents): The History Of
Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Aftermath Of The Cold War: Space Programs Of
The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: The Space Shuttle
Program (The Space Transportation System (STS)): Rocket Launches:
Space Shuttle Mission STS-58: The STS-58 UFO Incident: -- NASA
launches Space Shuttle Columbia at 14:53:10 UTC (10:53:10 am EDT)
from the Kennedy Space Center's Kennedy Space Center's Launch
Complex 39B (LC-39B) on its fifteenth mission and the 58th NASA
shuttle mission, one primarily devoted to experiments concerning
the physiological effects in space. This was the first in-flight
use of the "Portable In-flight Landing Operations Trainer"
(PILOT) simulation software, and it was also the last time
Columbia would land at Edwards Air Force Base, California. The
crew included Commander John E. Blaha, pilot Richard A. Searfoss,
payload specialist Martin J. Fettmen, and mission specialists
David A. Wolf, Shannon W. Lucid, Rhea Seddon and William S.
McArthur, Jr.. During the liftoff phase of the mission, NASA
cameras captured footage of an unusual heather grey object that
streaked laterally past the spacecraft in-flight at a high rate of
speed. The object and its very close proximity flight beside the
spacecraft has never been explained, despite its having presented
a clear and imminent danger to both the spacecraft and its crew.
https://store.earthstation1.com/ufos-the-best-evidence-ever-caught-on-tape-mp4-video-download-or-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Wynton
Marsalis: Blues And Swing DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1961: #BOTD: #HBD! Wynton
Marsalis, African American virtuoso trumpeter, composer, teacher,
and artistic director of Jazz at Lincoln Center, is #born Wynton
Learson Marsalis New Orleans, Louisiana, the second of six sons
born into the musical family of Dolores Ferdinand Marsalis and
Ellis Marsalis Jr., a pianist and music teacher. He is the brother
of Branford Marsalis (saxophonist), Delfeayo Marsalis
(trombonist), and Jason Marsalis (drummer). Wynton Marsalis has
promoted classical and jazz music, often to young audiences.
Marsalis has been awarded nine Grammy Awards and his Blood on the
Fields was the first jazz composition to win the Pulitzer Prize
for Music. Marsalis is the only musician to win a Grammy Award in
jazz and classical during the same year.
https://store.earthstation1.com/wynton-marsalis-blues-and-swing-1988-performances-and-lect1988.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Erwin
Rommel Vs Bernard Montgomery World War II MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1944: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): Nazi Germany (The German Reich, The Third Reich):
The State Funeral Of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel: -- The state
funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm Germany;
linked to a plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Rommel was forced to
commit suicide four days prior. German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel
(1891-1944) was born November 15, 1891 at Heidenheim, in
Wurttemberg, Germany. He won the Pour le Merite, Germany's highest
military award, for his actions on the Italian Front during World
War I. During World War II, he led the 7th Panzer Division to
victory in the Battle Of France. His early victories in North
Africa earned him the nickname, "Desert Fox." However,
in 1943, he was defeated at El Alamein by the British under
General Montgomery. Rommel was implicated in the July 1944 failed
assassination of Hitler. He was then forced to commit suicide and
died at age 52 on October 14, 1944, near Ulm, Germany.
https://store.earthstation1.com/erwin-rommel-vs-bernard-montgomery-world-war-ii-mp4-video-download-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Dunkirk: The Battle For France Documentary DVD MP4 Download USB
Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1948: #DOTD: Walther Von
Brauchitsch, German field marshal and the Commander-In-Chief of
the German Army during World War II and war criminal (b. October
4, 1881) #dies of bronchial pneumonia aged 67 in a
British-controlled military hospital in Hamburg before facing
trial for conspiracy and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg
Trials. His remains were cremated; the ashes were scattered at a
location that is not publicly disclosed. He was born Walther
Heinrich Alfred Hermann Von Brauchitsch in Berlin, Germany into an
aristocratic military family. Brauchitsch joined the military
academy in Potsdam in 1895. He later transferred to the
Hauptkadettenanstalt Grosse Lichterfelde, where in his final year
he belonged to the top class for gifted students and was chosen,
like his brother Adolf five years before, as a page by Empress
Augusta Victoria. During his time serving the empress at court, he
learned manners and bearing that were noted for the rest of his
life. Upon graduation in 1900 he received his commission in an
infantry regiment. A medical condition made him unfit for service
in the infantry, so he was transferred to an artillery regiment.
He was put in charge of training recruits in riding and driving.
He then joined the General Staff office in Berlin, where he was
promoted to first lieutenant in 1909. By the outbreak of World War
I in August 1914, Brauchitsch had reached the rank of captain, and
was appointed staff officer to the XVI Army Corps stationed near
Metz. During World War I, he served with the 34th Infantry
Division and Guards Reserve Corps. Between 1914 and 1916, he took
part in the Battle Of Verdun and Battle of the Argonne Forest. In
the remaining two years of the conflict, Brauchitsch took part in
the Third Battle Of The Aisne, the Aisne-Marne offensive, the
Second Battle Of The Aisne, the Battle of Armentieres, and the
Battle of Flanders. Brauchitsch was awarded the Iron Cross 1st
Class and the House Order of Hohenzollern, and ended the war with
the rank of major. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933,
Brauchitsch was put in charge of the East Prussian Military
District. He borrowed immense sums of money from Hitler and became
dependent on his financial help (from 1933 to the end of the
Second World War, high-ranking officers of the Armed Forces of
Nazi Germany accepted vast bribes in the form of cash, estates,
and tax exemptions in exchange for their loyalty to Nazism).
Brauchitsch served as Commander-In-Chief of the German Army from
February 1938 until December 1941. He played a key role in the
Battle Of France and oversaw the German invasions of Yugoslavia
and Greece. For his part in the Battle Of France, he became one of
twelve generals promoted to Field Marshal. After suffering a heart
attack in November 1941 and being blamed for the failure of
Operation Typhoon, the Wehrmacht's attack on Moscow, he was
dismissed as Commander-In-Chief and spent the rest of the war in
enforced retirement. After the war, Brauchitsch was arrested on
charges of war crimes but died of pneumonia in 1948 before he
could be prosecuted.
https://store.earthstation1.com/dunkirk-battle-for-france-dvd-war-files-series.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Stalin:
The Red Tsar TV Series + Soviet Assassins MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1978: #DOTD: Ramon Mercader,
Spanish communist, journalist, Soviet NKVD secret agent, assassin
of Bolshevik revolutionary, Marxist theorist and Soviet politician
Leon Trotsky in Mexico City who was imprisoned in Mexico for 19
years and 8 months for his murder with an ice axe (b. February 7,
1913) #dies in Havana, Cuba of lung cancer, aged 65. He is buried
under the name Ramon Ivanovich Lopez in Kuntsevo Cemetery in
Moscow, Soviet Untion. His brother Luis Mercader is buried in the
same grave. Ramon Mercader was born Jaime Ramon Mercader Del Rio
in Argentona, Spain. On August 20, 1940, Ramon Mercader fatally
wounded he founder of the particular strain of Marxist thought
known as Trotskyism while Trotsky was in exile in Mexico City.
Mercader acted upon instruction from Stalin and was nearly beaten
to death by Trotsky's bodyguards, and spent the next 20 years in a
Mexican prison for the murder. Stalin presented Mercader with an
Order of Lenin in absentia. Trotsky died the next day. After an
ineffectual attempt to have Trotsky murdered in March 1939, Stalin
assigned the overall organization of implementing the task to the
NKVD officer Pavel Sudoplatov, who in turn co-opted Nahum
Eitingon. According to Sudoplatov's Special Tasks, the NKVD
proceeded to set up three NKVD agent networks to carry out the
murder, one of which relied on Ramon Mercader. According to
Sudoplatov, all three networks were designed to operate entirely
autonomously from the NKVD's hitherto-established spy networks in
the U.S. and Mexico. On 24 May 1940, Trotsky survived a raid on
his villa by armed assassins led by the NKVD agent Iosif
Grigulevich and Mexican painter David Alfaro Siqueiros. Trotsky's
14-year-old grandson, Vsevolod Platonovich "Esteban"
Volkov (born March 7, 1926), was shot in the foot, and a young
assistant and bodyguard of Trotsky, Robert Sheldon Harte, was
abducted and later murdered. Trotsky's other guards fended off the
attackers. Following the failed assassination attempt, Trotsky
wrote an article titled "Stalin Seeks My Death" on 8
June 1940, in which he states that another assassination attempt
is certain. On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his study
by Mercader, who used an ice axe as a weapon. The blow to his head
was bungled and failed to kill Trotsky instantly. Witnesses stated
that Trotsky spat on Mercader and began struggling fiercely with
him, which resulted in Mercader's hand being broken. Hearing the
commotion, Trotsky's bodyguards burst into the room and nearly
killed Mercader, but Trotsky stopped them, laboriously stating
that the assassin should be made to answer questions. Trotsky was
then taken to a hospital, operated on, and survived for more than
a day, dying at the age of 60 on 21 August 1940 from
exsanguination and shock. Mercader later testified at his trial: "
I laid my raincoat on the table in such a way as to be able to
remove the ice axe which was in the pocket. I decided not to miss
the wonderful opportunity that presented itself. The moment
Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took
out the ice axe from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with
my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head. According
to James P. Cannon, the secretary of the Socialist Workers Party
(USA), Trotsky's last words were "I will not survive this
attack. Stalin has finally accomplished the task he attempted
unsuccessfully before." On May 6, 1960, Mercader was released
from Mexico City's Palacio de Lecumberri prison. He moved to
Havana, Cuba, where Fidel Castro's new socialist government
welcomed him. In 1961, Mercader moved to the Soviet Union, and
subsequently was presented with the country's highest decoration,
The Hero Of The Soviet Union, personally by Alexander Shelepin,
the head of the KGB. He was awarded The Order Of Lenin medal as
well. He divided his time among Czechoslovakia, from where he
traveled to different countries, Cuba, where he was the advisor of
the Foreign Affairs Ministry, and the Soviet Union for the rest of
his life. He married a Mexican named Rogalia in prison after 1940
and had two children.
https://store.earthstation1.com/stalin-the-red-tsar-dvd-complete-4-part-tv-series-2-dis42.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The War
Years: The Battle Of Dien Bien Phu MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1982: #DOTD: #RIP: Pierre
Mendes France, French lawyer and politician, 143rd Prime Minister
of France who served for eight months from 1954 to 1955 whose top
priority was ending the Indochina War (b. January 11, 1907) #dies
in Paris, France aged 75. His burial details are not publicly
disclosed. He was born Pierre Isaac Isidore Mendes Francein in
Paris, France. Known as PMF, Pierre Mendes France was a member of
the Radical Party, and he headed a government supported by a
coalition of Gaullists (RPF), moderate socialists (UDSR),
Christian democrats (MRP) and liberal-conservatives (CNIP). His
main concern was ending the Indochina War, which had already cost
92,000 dead, 114,000 wounded and 28,000 captured on the French
side. Public opinion polls showed that, in February 1954, only 7%
of the French people wanted to continue the fight to regain
Indochina out of the hands of the Communists, led by Ho Chi Minh
and his Viet Minh movement. At the 1954 Geneva Conference, Mendes
France negotiated a deal that gave the Viet Minh control of
Vietnam north of the seventeenth parallel, and allowed him to pull
out all French forces. He is considered one of the most prominent
statesmen of the French Fourth Republic.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-war-years-the-battle-of-dien-bien-phu-mp4-video-download-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Labor
Union Films Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1648: Organized Labor: The
Labor Union Movement: The Labor Union Movement In The United
States: The Labor History Of The United States: Labor Unions In
The United States: -- Boston Shoemakers form first American labor
organization, the "Shoemakers Of Boston Gild", a trade
guild whose charter of incorporation was granted that day by the
Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. The coopers were granted a
similar charter on the same date. The act recited that on petition
of the "shoemakers" and on account of the complaints of
the "damage" which the country sustained "by
occasion of bad ware made by some of that trade," they should
meet and elect a master, two wardens, four or six associates, a
"clarke," a sealer, a searcher, and a beadle, who should
govern the trade. The "commission" was to continue in
force for three years.
https://store.earthstation1.com/labor-union-films-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Parrot
Sketch Not Included: The Very Best Of Monty Python DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1859: #BOTD #HBD! Henri
Bergson, French philosopher and theologian, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. January 4, 1941) is #born Henri-Louis Bergson in Paris,
France. Bergson was influential in the tradition of continental
philosophy, a set of 19th- and 20th-century philosophical
traditions from mainland Europe, especially during the first half
of the 20th century until the Second World War. Bergson is known
for his arguments that processes of immediate experience and
intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and
science for understanding reality. He was awarded the 1927 Nobel
Prize in Literature "in recognition of his rich and
vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been
presented". In 1930 France awarded him its highest honour,
the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur. Bergson's great popularity
created a controversy in France where his views were seen as
opposing the secular and scientific attitude adopted by the
Republic's officials. Henri Bergson died in occupied Paris, the
city of his birth, from bronchitis, aged 81. A Roman Catholic
priest said prayers at his funeral per his request. Bergson is
buried in the Cimetiere de Garches, Hauts-de-Seine. Bergson's
sister, Mina Bergson (also known as Moina Mathers), married the
English occult author Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers, a founder
of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Henri Bergson is
frequently mentioned in the comedy sketches of Monty Python's
Flying Circus.
https://store.earthstation1.com/parrot-sketch-not-included-very-best-of-monty-python-dvd-mp4-us4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Fear On
Trial - John Henry Faulk DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1927: #BOTD: #HBD! George C.
Scott, American actor, director, and producer (d. September 22,
1999) is #born George Campbell Scott on a kitchen table in the
modest Wise, Virginia home of his parents, George Dewey Scott
(1902-1988) and Helena Agnes (nee Slemp; 1904-1935). Scott was
best known for his stage work, as well as his portrayals of the
prosecutor Claude Dancer in Anatomy of a Murder (1959), General
Buck Turgidson in Stanley Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove (1964),
General George S. Patton in the film Patton (1970), and Ebenezer
Scrooge in Clive Donner's film A Christmas Carol (1984). He was
the first actor to refuse the Academy Award for Best Actor (for
Patton in 1970), having warned the Academy Of Motion Picture Arts
And Sciences months in advance that he would do so on
philosophical grounds if he won. Scott believed that every
dramatic performance was unique and could not be compared to
others. George C. Scott died in Westlake Village, California at
age 71 of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. He is interred in
the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Westwood,
California, in a grave that bears no name, located to the
northeast (or left, looking toward the gravestones) of the grave
where Walter Matthau would be buried nearly a year later.
https://store.earthstation1.com/fear-on-trial-john-henry-faulk-vs-the-blacklist.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: 27
Wagons Full Of Cotton Lesley Ann Warren Ray Sharkey DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1935: #BOTD: #HBD! Peter
Boyle, American comedic and dramatic character actor (d. December
12, 2006) is #born Peter Lawrence Boyle in Norristown,
Pennsylvania. He played Frank Barone on the CBS sitcom Everybody
Loves Raymond and the comical monster in Mel Brooks' film spoof
Young Frankenstein (1974). He also starred in The Candidate
(1972). Boyle, who won an Emmy Award in 1996 for a guest-starring
role on the Fox science-fiction drama The X-Files, won praise in
both comedic and dramatic parts following his breakthrough
performance in the 1970 film Joe, and as Wizard in Taxi Driver
(1976). Peter Boyle died at the age of 71 at New York Presbyterian
Hospital in New York City after suffering from multiple myeloma
and heart disease. He is interred at Green River Cemetery in
Springs, New York.
https://store.earthstation1.com/27-wagons-full-of-cotton-dvd-tennesee-willia27.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Marihuana (1936) Anti-Drug Propaganda Film DVD, Download, USB
Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1982: #DOTD: #RIP: Dwain
Esper, American director and producer of exploitation films (b.
October 7, 1892) #dies in San Diego, California at the age of 88.
His burial details are not publicly disclosed. He and his wife
Hildagarde had two children, Dwain Jr. and Millicent. He was born
Dwain Atkins Esper in Snohomish, Washington. A veteran of World
War I, Esper worked as a building contractor before switching to
the film business in the mid-1920s. He produced and directed
inexpensive pictures with titles like Sex Maniac, Marihuana, and
How to Undress in Front of Your Husband. To enhance the appeal of
these low-budget features, he included scenes containing
gratuitous nudity and violence that led some to label him the
"father of modern exploitation." Esper's wife,
Hildagarde Stadie, wrote many of the scripts for his films. They
employed extravagant promotional techniques that included
exhibiting the mummified body of notorious Oklahoma outlaw Elmer
McCurdy before it was acquired by Dan Sonney. His
exploitation/horror film Maniac, also known as Sex Maniac, an
directed by Esper, is considered by many film critics and
historians to be the worst film of all time. It is a loose
adaptation of the Edgar Allan Poe story "The Black Cat"
and follows a vaudeville impersonator who becomes an assistant to
a mad scientist.
https://store.earthstation1.com/marihuana-dvd-1936-antidrug-1936.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Story Of Civilization: Will & Ariel Durant DVD, MP3 Download,
USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 31 BC: #DOTD: Sejanus, Roman
soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius,
prefect of the Praetorian Guard, of which he was commander from AD
14 until his execution (b. c. 20 AD) #dies when the Senate
convenes that evening at The Temple Of Concord and summarily
condemn Sejanus to death and execution, along with his followers,
for treason after their arrest on suspicions of conspiracy against
the Roman Emperor Tiberius. He was taken from prison and
strangled, after which his body was cast onto The Gemonian Stairs,
nicknamed "The Stairs Of Mourning", the infamous place
of execution in Roman history, a flight of steps located in the
central part of Rome, leading from the Arx of the Capitoline Hill
down to the Roman Forum, roughly coinciding with the current Via
Di San Pietro in Carcere, past the ruins of the Mamertine Prison.
Here the condemned were usually strangled before their bodies were
bound and desecrated. Corpses were usually left to rot on the
staircase for extended periods of time in full view of the Forum,
scavenged by dogs or other carrion animals, until eventually being
thrown into the Tiber. Death on the stairs was considered
extremely dishonourable and dreadful. Riots ensued in the
aftermath of Sejanus' execution, in which mobs hunted down and
killed anyone they could link to Sejanus. The Praetorian Guard,
whom Sejanus had led as their Prefect, resorted to looting when
they were accused of having conspired with him. Following the
Senate's issue of a Damnatio Memoriae (Latin: "Condemnation
Of Memory" , "Damnation Of Memory"), Sejanus's
statues were torn down and his name obliterated from all public
records, even from coins. Sejanus was born Lucius Aelius Sejanus
at Volsinii, Etruria, into Equites class family of the Seii. While
the Praetorian Guard, the Roman imperial bodyguard, had been
formally established under Emperor Augustus, Sejanus introduced a
number of reforms which saw the unit evolve beyond a mere
bodyguard into a powerful and influential branch of the government
involved in public security, civil administration and ultimately
political intercession; these changes had a lasting impact on the
course of the Principate. During the 20s, Sejanus gradually
accumulated power by consolidating his influence over Tiberius and
eliminating potential political opponents, including the emperor's
son Drusus Julius Caesar. When Tiberius withdrew to Capri in AD
26, Sejanus was left in control of the administration of the
empire. For a time the most influential and feared citizen of
Rome, Sejanus suddenly fell from power in AD 31, the year his
career culminated with the consulship.
https://store.earthstation1.com/story-of-civilization-will-amp-ariel-durant-mp3-dvd-11-audiobo311.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: My Name
Is Bertolt Brecht: Exile Years In The USA DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1898: #BOTD: #HBD! Lotte
Lenya, Austrian-American singer, diseuse and actress (d. November
27, 1981) is #born Karoline Wilhelmine Charlotte Blamauer in
Vienna, Austria-Hungary. Long based in the United States, in the
German-speaking and classical music world she is best remembered
for her performances of the songs of her husband, Kurt Weill. In
English-language cinema, she was nominated for an Academy Award
for her role as a jaded aristocrat in The Roman Spring of Mrs.
Stone (1961). She also played the murderous and sadistic Rosa
Klebb in the James Bond movie From Russia with Love (1963). She
was a Diseuse, French for "teller", also called talkers,
storytellers, dramatic-singers or dramatic-talkers, and would sing
many of her songs in this form. Lotte Lenya died in Manhattan of
cancer, aged 83. She is buried next to her husband Kurt Weill at
Mount Repose Cemetery in Haverstraw, New York.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lux
Radio Theatre w/ Cecil B. DeMille MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1902: #BOTD: #HBD! Miriam
Hopkins, American actress known for her versatility (d. October 9,
1972) is #born Ellen Miriam Hopkins in Savannah, Georgia. Her
best-known roles included a pickpocket in Ernst Lubitsch's
romantic comedy Trouble in Paradise, bar singer Ivy in Rouben
Mamoulian's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and the titular character in
the controversial drama The Story of Temple Drake. She received a
nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1935
film Becky Sharp, by which she earned the distinction of being the
first performer nominated for a performance in a color picture,
and a Golden Globe nomination for The Heiress. She co-starred with
Joel McCrea in five films. Her long-running feud with actress
Bette Davis was publicized for effect. Hopkins later became a
pioneer of TV drama. She was considered a distinguished hostess in
Hollywood and moved in intellectual and creative circles. Miriam
Hopkins died in New York City from a heart attack, aged 69. She is
buried in Oak City Cemetery in Bainbridge, Georgia.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WWII:
US Pop Vs Third Reich Marching Songs MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1919: #BOTD: #HBD! Anita
O'Day, American jazz singer and self proclaimed "song
stylist" widely admired for her sense of rhythm and dynamics,
and her early big band appearances that shattered the traditional
image of the "girl singer" (d. November 23, 2006) is
#born Anita Belle Colton in Kansas City, Missouri. She changed her
surname from Colton to O'Day, pig Latin for "dough",
slang for money, so that her full name would translate as "Anita
Dough" ("I Need The Dough"). Refusing to pander to
any female stereotype, O'Day presented herself as a "hip"
jazz musician, wearing a band jacket and skirt as opposed to an
evening gown. She changed her surname from Colton to O'Day, pig
Latin for "dough", slang for money. While maintaining a
central core of hard swing, O'Day's skills in improvisation of
rhythm and melody rank her among the pioneers of bebop. She cited
Martha Raye as the primary influence on her vocal style, also
expressing admiration for Mildred Bailey, Ella Fitzgerald, and
Billie Holiday. She always maintained that the accidental excision
of her uvula during a childhood tonsillectomy left her incapable
of vibrato, and unable to maintain long phrases. That botched
operation, she claimed, forced her to develop a more percussive
style based on short notes and rhythmic drive. However, when she
was in good voice she could stretch long notes with strong
crescendos and a telescoping vibrato, e.g. her live version of
"Sweet Georgia Brown" at the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival,
captured in Bert Stern's film Jazz on a Summer's Day. She is known
for her solo work and for her outstanding work with such artists
as Gene Krupa, Woody Herman, Stan Kenton, Count Basie, her albums
recorded for Norman Granz, Louis Armstrong, Oscar Peterson, Dinah
Washington, George Shearing, Cal Tjader and Thelonious Monk. While
living with husband Carl Hoff in Los Angeles in March 1947, two
undercover policemen came to their home during a party at which
Dizzy Gillespie was playing from the branches of a tree in their
front yard. They found a small bag of marijuana, for which Anita
and Carl were arrested. On August 11, Judge Harold B. Landreth
found them guilty and handed down 90-day sentences. Anita O'Day
died in her sleep on Thanksgiving Day in West Hollywood,
California at the age of 87 of cardiac arrest. Her remains were
cremated, and her ashes were scattered in the Pacific Ocean at
Santa Monica, California.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Cigarette Commercials 1950s-70s Film Collection DVD, MP4, USB
Stick
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 2000: #DOTD: #RIP: Julie
London, American singer, actress and beauty whose career spanned
more than 40 years (b. September 26, 1926) #dies in the early
morning hours at Encino-Tarzana Regional Medical Center of cardiac
arrest caused by chain smoking since 16 years old that resulted in
lung cancer, aged 74. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park
in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California. Julie London
was born Julie Peck in Santa Rosa, California to vaudevillian
parents. A torch singer noted for her sultry, languid contralto
vocals, London recorded over thirty albums of pop and jazz
standards between 1955 and 1969. Her recording of "Cry Me a
River", a track she introduced on her debut album, was
inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. In addition to her
musical notice, London was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in
1974 for her portrayal of nurse Dixie McCall in the television
series Emergency!. London was discovered while working as an
elevator operator in downtown Los Angeles, and she began her
career as an actress. London's 35-year acting career began in film
in 1944, and included roles as the female lead in numerous
westerns, co-starring with Rock Hudson in The Fat Man (1951), with
Robert Taylor and John Cassavetes in Saddle the Wind (1958), with
Gary Cooper in Man of the West (1958) and with Robert Mitchum in
The Wonderful Country (1959). In the mid-1950s, she signed a
recording contract with Liberty Records, marking the beginning of
her professional musical career. She released her final studio
album in 1969, but achieved continuing success playing the female
starring role of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series
Emergency! (1972-1979), in which she acted with her husband Bobby
Troup. The show was produced by her ex-husband Jack Webb.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Television: A History Of Broadcast TV DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1938: #BOTD: #HBD! Dawn
Wells, American model, actress and beauty, Miss Nevada 1959 (d.
December 30, 2020) is #born Dawn Elberta Wells in Reno, Nevada.
She became known for her role as Mary Ann Summers on the CBS
sitcom Gilligan's Island. Wells was born to Evelyn (nee
Steinbrenner) and Joe Wesley Wells in Reno, Nevada, where she
attended and graduated from Reno High School. Her father owned a
local Reno construction company called "Wells Cargo"
(not to be confused with the trailer manufacturer). After high
school graduation, Wells attended Stephens College in Columbia,
Missouri, where she majored in chemistry. She transferred to the
University of Washington in Seattle, where she graduated in 1960
with a degree in theater arts and design. She was a member of the
Alpha Chi Omega sorority. In 1959, Wells was crowned Miss Nevada
and represented her state in the Miss America 1960 pageant in
Atlantic City, New Jersey. In Hollywood, Wells made her debut on
The Roaring 20's and the movie The New Interns and was cast in
episodes of such television series as The Joey Bishop Show, 77
Sunset Strip with Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Cheyenne with Clint Walker,
Maverick with Jack Kelly, and Bonanza with Lorne Greene and Dan
Blocker. Wells appeared as a guest star on the Wagon Train episode
"The Captain Dan Brady Story" with guest star Joseph
Cotten, Tales of Wells Fargo with Dale Robertson, 87th Precinct
with Robert Lansing, Surfside 6 with Troy Donahue and Van
Williams, Hawaiian Eye with Robert Conrad, Ripcord with Ken
Curtis, The Everglades with Ron Hayes, The Detectives with Robert
Taylor, Lawman with John Russell, Bonanza, It's a Man's World with
Glenn Corbett, Channing with Jason Evers, Laramie with Robert
Fuller, Burke's Law with Gene Barry, The Invaders with Roy
Thinnes, The Wild Wild West with Robert Conrad, The F.B.I. with
Efrem Zimbalist Jr., Vega$ with Robert Urich, The Love Boat,
Fantasy Island with Ricardo Montalban, Matt Houston with Lee
Horsley, ALF, Herman's Head with William Ragsdale, Three Sisters
with Vicki Lewis, Pastor Greg with Greg Robbins, and Roseanne with
Roseanne Barr. She took her signature role of Mary Ann on
Gilligan's Island in 1964. She reprised her character in the
various Gilligan's Island specials, including the reunion cartoon
spin-off Gilligan's Planet and three reunion TV-movies: Rescue
from Gilligan's Island, The Castaways on Gilligan's Island, and
The Harlem Globetrotters on Gilligan's Island. She also reprised
her character in a 1992 episode of Baywatch, "Now Sit Right
Back and You'll Hear a Tale". In 1993, Wells published Mary
Ann's Gilligan's Island Cookbook with co-writers Ken Beck and Jim
Clark, including a foreword by Bob Denver. Alan Hale Jr., who
played The Skipper on Gilligan's Island, contributed a family
recipe (Kansas Chicken and Dumplings) to her cookbook. Hale's
character was the inspiration behind recipes such as Skipper's
Coconut Cream Pie, Skipper's Navy Bean Soup, and Skipper's Goodbye
Ribeye, and he is depicted as Skipper Jonas Grumby in numerous
photographs throughout the book. She said in a 2014 interview with
Go Erie . com: "Alan could not have been kinder to a young
actress. He was a real peach." In 1997, Wells starred as her
Gilligan's Island character in a music video for the song "Mary
Ann" by the pop-punk band Squirtgun. The song describes an
infatuation with Mary Ann and sings praises to the wholesome
character, specifically choosing her over Ginger. The video
reached the top 40 of MTV's Alternative Music charts, and it was
featured as part of a variety of alternative-themed music video
programs. In 2005, Wells consigned for sale her original gingham
blouse and shorts ensemble from her signature role. Auction house
Profiles in History sold it for 20,700 USD. In 2014, Wells
released What Would Mary Ann Do? A Guide to Life, which she
co-wrote with Steve Stinson. The book was released to coincide
with the 50th anniversary of Gilligan's Island. A recurring theme,
in the form of a rivalry, developed from the show that posed the
question, mainly to men, as to which one of the female stars they
preferred: Ginger or Mary Ann? Wells embraced the good-natured
rivalry. During a 2014 interview with the Vancouver Sun, Wells
said that she had a t-shirt that read: "Ginger or Mary Ann,
the ultimate dilemma." The question of which of these two
characters men prefer endured long after the end of the series.
"You can go anywhere and say 'Ginger or Mary Ann?' You don't
have to say what show it is. Everybody gets it. And I always win."
Wells had small roles in the early-1960s films Palm Springs
Weekend and The New Interns, and later starred with Michael Dante
in the independent 1975 film Winterhawk, playing a Western settler
kidnapped by a Native American chief. Her other films include The
Town That Dreaded Sundown, Return to Boggy Creek, Lover's Knot,
Soulmates, Forever for Now, and Super Sucker. In fall 2011, she
began filming Silent but Deadly (originally titled Hotel
Arthritis), a comedy horror film released in 2012. Following
Gilligan's Island, Wells embarked on a theater career, appearing
in nearly 100 theatrical productions as of July 2009. She spent
the majority of the 1970s and 1980s touring in theater
productions, notably the second national (bus and truck) tour of
Neil Simon's Chapter Two (in the role of Jennie Malone), and
replacing Lorna Luft as Sonia Walsk in the second national tour of
They're Playing Our Song. She also had a one-woman show at the MGM
Grand Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas in 1985. In May 2016, Wells
was named marketing ambassador to MeTV Network, which had begun
airing reruns of Gilligan's Island. For several years, Wells
operated a business, Wishing Wells Collections, making clothing
for people with limited mobility. She was the founder of the Idaho
Film and Television Institute, a not-for-profit, educational
organization with "a vision of education, technical training
and economic development in Southeastern Idaho.". Wells
organized and founded SpudFest, an annual family film and festival
in Driggs, Idaho, which was sponsored by Idaho Potatoes. SpudFest
held festivals from 2004 to 2008, and showcased film premieres,
and included in-person festival appearances by classic TV icons,
including Barbara Eden of I Dream of Jeannie and actor Lou
Ferrigno, who portrayed The Incredible Hulk. Wells also lent her
support to the Denver Foundation, a West Virginia charity chaired
by Dreama Denver, widow of Wells' Gilligan's Island co-star Bob
Denver. In November 2009, she appeared at the Denver Foundation's
Christmas Wish Celebrity Auction, helping to raise funds for the
disabled and disadvantaged in West Virginia. Wells married Larry
Rosen, a talent agent, on October 27, 1962. The couple had no
children, and divorced in 1967. In 2018, a GoFundMe page was set
up to help Wells cope with financial trouble from medical care
after a fall. In June 2020, Wells' manager revealed in court
documents that Wells was suffering from dementia. Wells died from
COVID-19-related causes in Los Angeles, on December 30, 2020, at
age 82, during the COVID-19 pandemic in California. Her remains
are buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Reno, Nevada. The week
prior to her death, she recorded a Happy New Year video to be
released on the holiday.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic
Baby Boomer Bloopers Video Collection DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1960: #BOTD: #HBD! Erin
Moran, American actress best known for playing Joanie Cunningham
on the television sitcom Happy Days and its spin-off Joanie Loves
Chachi (d. April 22, 2017) is #born Erin Marie Moran in Burbank,
California, and raised in nearby North Hollywood, the
second-youngest of six children born to Sharon and Edward Moran.
Her father was a finance manager, and her interest in acting was
supported by her mother, who signed her with a talent agent when
she was five years old. Two of her brothers are also actors, John
Moran and Tony Moran, the latter of whom played the unmasked
Michael Myers in the movie Halloween (1978). Moran's first acting
role was at the age of five in a television commercial for First
Federal Bank. At the age of seven, she was cast as Jenny Jones in
the television series Daktari, during its fourth and final season
in 1968. She made her feature-film debut in How Sweet It Is!
(1968) with Debbie Reynolds, and made regular appearances on The
Don Rickles Show in 1972, and guest appearances in The Courtship
of Eddie's Father, My Three Sons, Bearcats!, Family Affair, and
The Waltons, in an episode titled "The Song", in 1975.
She also appeared in the television series Gunsmoke (as Rachel
Parker in "Lijah"). In 1974, at the age of 13, Moran was
cast to play her best-known role as Joanie Cunningham on the
sitcom Happy Days, the younger sister of Richie Cunningham (Ron
Howard). Moran continued the role in 1982 in the short-lived
spin-off series Joanie Loves Chachi. Moran later stated that she
had only reluctantly agreed to star in the series because she
would have preferred to remain with Happy Days. She won the Young
Artist Award for Best Young Actress in a New Television Series for
her role. After Joanie Loves Chachi's cancellation in 1983, she
returned to Happy Days for its final season. In 1983, Moran said
in an interview that the Happy Days producers had pressured her to
change from about the age of 15: They "suddenly wanted me to
lose weight and become this sexy thing." In the following
years, Moran made several other television guest appearances,
including The Love Boat, Murder, She Wrote, and Diagnosis: Murder,
and starred opposite Edward Albert in the cult sci-fi horror film
Galaxy of Terror (1981). She became estranged from the Happy Days
cast, with People claiming that she called them "evil"
in an interview, a statement she would deny on a later talk show.
In 2008, she was a contestant on VH1's reality show Celebrity Fit
Club. Two years later, she made an appearance in the independent
comedy feature Not Another B Movie (2010). On April 19, 2011,
Moran, three of her Happy Days co-stars -- Don Most, Anson
Williams, and Marion Ross -- and the estate of Tom Bosley, who
died in 2010, filed a 10M USD breach-of-contract lawsuit against
CBS, which owns the show. The suit claimed that cast members had
not been paid merchandising revenues owed under their contracts.
Revenues included those from show-related items such as comic
books, T-shirts, scrapbooks, trading cards, games, lunch boxes,
dolls, toy cars, magnets, greeting cards, and DVDs with cast
members' likenesses on the box covers. Their contracts entitled
the actors to be paid 5% of the net proceeds of merchandising if a
single actor's likeness was used, and half that amount if the cast
members were pictured in a group. CBS stated it owed the actors
between 8.5 and 9K USD each, most of it from slot-machine
revenues, but the group stated they were owed millions. The
lawsuit was initiated after Ross was informed by a friend playing
slots at a casino of a Happy Days machine on which players won the
jackpot when five Marion Rosses were rolled. In October 2011, a
judge rejected the group's claim of fraud, thereby eliminating the
possibility of recouping millions of dollars in damages. On June
5, 2012, a judge denied a motion to dismiss filed by CBS, which
meant the case would go to trial on July 17 if not settled by
then. In July 2012, the actors settled their lawsuit with CBS;
each received a payment of 65K USD and a promise from CBS to
continue honoring the terms of their contracts. In 1987, Moran
married Rocky Ferguson. They divorced in 1993. Later that year,
she married Steven Fleischmann. After Happy Days and Joanie Loves
Chachi were cancelled, Moran moved from Los Angeles to the
California mountains. She said in 1988 that she suffered from
depression and was unable to secure acting roles. Moran confirmed
news reports that her California home was foreclosed on in 2010,
following media claims that she had been served eviction papers
and moved into her mother-in-law's trailer home in Indiana. On
April 22, 2017, authorities in Corydon, Indiana, were alerted
about an unresponsive female, later identified as Moran. She later
was pronounced dead at the age of 56. An autopsy report from the
Harrison County coroner indicated the cause of death to be
complications of stage-four throat cancer (squamous-cell
carcinoma). Toxicology testing showed that no illegal narcotics
were involved in her death, and no illegal substances were found
in Moran's home. Moran's husband, in an open letter released
through her co-star Scott Baio, confirmed that she had first
experienced symptoms of throat cancer around Thanksgiving 2016 and
deteriorated rapidly from that point, and that the facilities that
had unsuccessfully attempted to treat her cancer had not made
anyone aware of how extensively the cancer had metastasized. Her
cremains were given to her widow Steven Fleischmann.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC
Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, October 18, 2025October 18, 1947: #BOTD: #HBD! Laura
Nyro, American songwriter and singer who achieved critical acclaim
with her own recordings, particularly the albums Eli and the
Thirteenth Confession (1968) and New York Tendaberry (1969), and
had commercial success with artists such as Barbra Streisand and
The 5th Dimension recording her songs, idolized by contemporaries
such as Elton John with wider posthumous recognition for her
artistry, praised for her emotive three-octave mezzo-soprano voice
(d. April 8, 1997) is #born Laura Nigro in The Bronx, New York
City, the daughter of Louis Nigro, a piano tuner and jazz
trumpeter, and Gilda (nee Mirsky) Nigro, a bookkeeper, a family of
Russian Jewish and Polish Jewish descent, with Italian American
ancestry from her father's father; Laura had a younger brother,
Jan Nigro, who has become a children's musician. Her father gave
her the name "Laura", after hearing the title theme of
the 1944 film Laura. Between 1968 and 1970, a number of artists
had hits with her songs: The 5th Dimension with "Blowing
Away", "Wedding Bell Blues", "Stoned Soul
Picnic", "Sweet Blindness", and "Save The
Country"; Blood, Sweat & Tears and Peter, Paul and Mary
with "And When I Die"; Three Dog Night and Maynard
Ferguson with "Eli's Comin'"; and Barbra Streisand with
"Stoney End", "Time And Love", and "Hands
Off The Man (Flim Flam Man)". Nyro's best-selling single was
her recording of Carole King's and Gerry Goffin's "Up On The
Roof". In late 1996, Nyro, like her mother, was diagnosed
with ovarian cancer. After the diagnosis, Columbia Records, with
Nyro's involvement, prepared a two-CD retrospective of material
from her years at the label. She lived to see the release of
Stoned Soul Picnic: The Best of Laura Nyro in 1997. She died of
ovarian cancer in Danbury, Connecticut at 49, the same age at
which her mother died. Her ashes were scattered beneath a maple
tree on the grounds of her house in Danbury. Nyro was posthumously
inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2010, and into The
Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 2012.
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